How is the cervical smear test done?
The cervical smear test is a quick and simple procedure in which the doctor or nurse gently inserts an instrument called a speculum into the vagina. This allows the doctor or nurse to see the cervix.

A sample of cells is taken from the cervix and placed (smeared) onto a glass slide. The slide is then sent to a laboratory where it is examined under a microscope.

You may feel a mild sensation when the cervical sample is being taken. The sensation may be a little uncomfortable but it should not be painful. Relaxation can lessen the discomfort. If it is painful tell your doctor.

After examination, there may be a mild spotting of blood for that day. This is normal, but consult your doctor if there is more than a bit or if you are worried.

Ask your doctor when and how you will receive your results. Your results will usually be available within four weeks.

Why is the cervical smear test necessary?
The cervical smear test can detect early changes in the cervix that may be the first warning signs that a problem is occurring. These changes need to be checked as some may develop into cancer. Your doctor will tell you whether treatment will be necessary.

Most cancers of the cervix take ten to fifteen years to develop.

How effective is the cervical smear test?
Regular cervical smear tests every three to five years are effective in detecting abnormalities that may lead to cancer in squamous cells (skin-like cells covering the cervix). This is the most common type of cervical cancer, and early detection and treatment can prevent cancer developing in around 80-90% of cases.

Like all screening tests, the cervical smear test is not perfect. It may not always detect early cell changes that may lead to cancer of the cervix. This may be because:

• The smear does not obtain normal cells that are on the cervix
• The samples may be difficult to interpret if there is blood or mucus on the slide
• Occasionally, abnormal cells are missed under the microscope; and
• Cells from just inside the cervix (where a less common cancer can develop in the glandular cells) are more difficult to collect. (Less is known about the early changes that may lead to this type of cancer.)