• tonic-clonic
• absence
• simple and complex partial

Convulsive seizures
Generalised tonic-clonic seizures are seizures that involve the whole brain. There is a loss of consciousness, the body stiffens and the limbs jerk. These seizures generally last one to three minutes, after which the person may wish to rest or sleep.

Non convulsive seizures
Absence seizures mostly affect children. These seizures also involve the whole brain and are associated with brief (up to 30 seconds) periods of loss of consciousness that may occur many times a day. Absence seizures are often mistaken for daydreaming or lack of concentration and can disrupt learning by creating gaps in information received.

Simple and complex partial seizures occur when the abnormal cell activity affects only part of the brain. These seizures can vary widely depending on which part of the brain is involved. The person may experience:

• stiffening or jerking of part of the body
• a loss or distorted awareness of surroundings
• unusual feelings, tastes or smells
• temporary speech impairment

The person may also be unresponsive, confused or use inappropriate behaviour.

Safety during a seizure
If seizures are likely to occur, it’s important to tell teachers, friends and employers that you have epilepsy, for their safety as well as your own. Being informed and knowing the appropriate first aid procedures mean they can help you.

Below is a guide of what to do in the case of complex partial seizures and to check when an ambulance should be called.

Absence seizures don’t usually require any form of assistance other than reassurance when the attack is finished.