There can be other features associated with IBS. People suffering from IBS often complain of a variety of symptoms which are not related to the gut. These include sluggishness, backache, urinary problems, gynaecological problems, nausea, joint pains, pain and clicking in the jaw and pain in the muscles while chewing.

What causes IBS?
The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but the evidence suggests it is due to a combination of factors. Abnormal movements of the intestines and altered gut sensation are both thought to be important, as are psychological factors like stress, anxiety or depression. Gut infections and food poisoning seem to start off symptoms in some people.

Your GP may diagnose IBS after discussing your symptoms and without any further investigations. If investigations are necessary, they are likely to include blood tests, barium X-rays and endoscopies. Your GP will explain what these are.

Different types of IBS
IBS is classified according to which symptoms are the most frequent. There are several classifications; the following one is used at the Central Middlesex Hospital.

Spastic colon (spasms in the large bowel). This causes constipation and abdominal pain, which is most often on the left side and relieved by opening the bowels. In some people, spastic colon may be associated with diarrhoea.

Functional diarrhoea (attacks of diarrhoea, mostly in the mornings). The first bowel movement is often formed, followed by a rush of diarrhoea. This may be explosive and urgent.

Foregut dysmotility (abnormal movement in the small bowel). This causes abdominal bloating and discomfort, frequently after eating. Visible stomach enlargement is often a problem and any pain is more often experienced on the right side.